Within the park are three of the country's highest peaks, Sangay, Tungurahua and El Altar, the last two being active volcanos. The area also supports incredible biodiversity and is home to a high number of endemic species, mainly due to its geographical and climatic extremes. With peaks surpassing 5000 metres and valleys in the Amazon basin dipping as low as 600 metres above sea level, the park's ecosystems range from sub-arctic to tropical lowland forest.

Although hunting has threatened the resident fauna, the park is still home to many rare animals such as mountain tapirs, ocelots, pumas, porcupines and Andean condors. Tours can be easily arranged from Baños, which is located 70 kilometres away.